The book focuses on the three elements that most anchor the moral idea, the elements explicitly combined in the designation universal human rights. Part I investigates the universality element that human rights obligations morally bind every society whatever its laws, mores, and wishes and objections to it lodged on relativist and diversity grounds. Part II considers the related humanist element that all human beings have equal rights in virtue of their equal human dignity and counterclaims pressed by proponents of hierarchical doctrines like caste and, from the other direction, proponents of animal rights. Part III concerns the element of rights particularly the priority they afford individuals over society collectively in light of utilitarian objections and communitarian concerns.

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